{"id":31193,"date":"2016-03-04T17:02:53","date_gmt":"2016-03-04T22:02:53","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/staging.pinemountainsettlement.net\/?page_id=31193"},"modified":"2021-03-23T16:43:19","modified_gmt":"2021-03-23T20:43:19","slug":"print-shop","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"http:\/\/staging.pinemountainsettlement.net\/?page_id=31193","title":{"rendered":"EDUCATION Print Shop"},"content":{"rendered":"
Pine Mountain Settlement School
\nSeries 13: Education<\/h5>\n

The Print Shop
\nat Pine Mountain Settlement School<\/h2>\n

\"\"

Print Shop, c. 1941. Unidentified person operating a linotype. [angel_0022.jpg]<\/p><\/div>During the boarding school years, Glyn Morris<\/a> (Director, 1931-1942)\u00a0and his staff\u00a0envisioned a school program that would provide both\u00a0industrial\u00a0and\u00a0academic training. High school students would\u00a0select their course of study based in industrial arts which would teach them\u00a0a trade for future employment or to follow a course of study that would prepare them for college.<\/p>\n

To expand\u00a0the School’s industrial arts curriculum, a\u00a0print shop was proposed\u00a0by Morris for\u00a0the campus, knowing\u00a0that such an enterprise\u00a0would not only provide students with a trade but also benefit the School financially as well. No longer would the School have to pay an outside company\u00a0for its\u00a0many and various printing needs or relinquish\u00a0control of the publication process to that\u00a0company. In addition, a shop on campus would provide printing services for the community and bring some revenue to the School.<\/p>\n

The October\u00a01932 issue<\/a> of Notes from the Pine Mountain Settlement School\u00a0<\/em>mentions the first acquisition of equipment for a print shop: “With a view to vocational training we have secured a small six-by-ten hand printing press, and a few fonts of type.”<\/p>\n

In 1934, Glyn Morris\u00a0set\u00a0up the campus’ first print shop in the Office<\/a> building with the assistance of\u00a0the science teacher, August Angel<\/a>. For the next three\u00a0years, Angel\u00a0served\u00a0in the\u00a0busy little Shop as teacher of printing, a skill\u00a0that\u00a0he had\u00a0studied\u00a0during his years at West Technical High School in Cleveland, Ohio, then Miami (Ohio) University. The students became accomplished at setting type, developing layout and many other skills associated with the occupation of printing and publishing, including\u00a0the management of a printing operation.\u00a0August Angel\u00a0wrote of his print shop experience at Pine Mountain in his memoir, Trivia & Me<\/em>:<\/p>\n

In the first printing class, the boys’ faces beamed with pleasure at a finished job — whether it was a name card, letterhead, or school brochure. To produce a printed item, they would pick type out of the proper letter spaces of a California job case and then set the type, line by line, in a composing stick. Next, they assembled the lines and paragraphs into stories that were placed in a chase, ready for the treadled printing press. Thus, they were learning a trade and paying off their school debt at 5\u00a2 an hour. The print shop was a novel and immediate success.<\/em><\/p>\n

August Angel left the School in 1937 to teach at a Dayton, Ohio, high school,\u00a0for three years. During August’s absence, his printing classes were turned over to Fred J. Burkhard.<\/a><\/p>\n

By this time\u00a0the student shop was moved to the Draper Industrial Building<\/a>,\u00a0which had recently\u00a0been built to replace Boy’s Industrial Building<\/a>\u00a0that was destroyed by fire.\u00a0In a\u00a0letter to entice Burkhard\u00a0to accept the position, dated July 13, 1937, Glyn Morris wrote:<\/p>\n

We have an interesting school here. We are trying out a practical program in education. We have recently erected a new industrial building in which the print shop is located. It is equipped with two presses, paper cutter, Linotype machine and all of the other necessary implements which one would find in a small print shop. We are interested in doing a finer, artistic printing.<\/em><\/p>\n

\"Book

Book of linoleum-block prints by John A. Spelman, 1938 [reprinted 1979]<\/p><\/div>\n

The letter was a success. Burkhard,\u00a0a Berea College graduate,<\/em>\u00a0came to Pine Mountain in time to begin teaching classes in September 1937. During his\u00a0time at Pine Mountain, Fred\u00a0worked with artist\u00a0John A. Spelman III<\/a> to\u00a0print, publish, and bind the first edition of At Home in the Hills,\u00a0<\/em>a\u00a0book of Spelman’s linoleum cuts.<\/p>\n

By the end of the 1940 term, Fred left the School to buy a weekly newspaper plant in Liberty, Kentucky, and publish the Casey County News<\/em>.\u00a0August returned to Pine Mountain to resume teaching and overseeing the student print shop.<\/p>\n

In 1941,\u00a0Glyn Morris arranged for August to attend the Keating School of Linotyping in Chicago, Illinois, for six weeks of training. The school was sponsored by the Mergenthaler Linotype Company.<\/p>\n

\"Title

Title Page — Workbook for Students of Printing by August Angel, 1942. [angel_006.jpg]<\/p><\/div>August’s\u00a0printing lessons are detailed in\u00a0the Workbook for Students of Printing<\/em> that he wrote for the students,\u00a0the images and transcriptions of which can be seen here<\/a>.<\/p>\n

The print shop provided all the printed material that was needed by the School, such as\u00a0The\u00a0Pine Cone<\/a>\u00a0and the Conifer<\/a>, PMSS Catalog<\/a>,\u00a0Chapel<\/a> programs, special event programs, bulletins, catalogs, staff and student stationery, office stationery, pads, business office materials, and\u00a0Notes<\/a>. Several books were also printed, including the aforementioned\u00a0At Home in the Hills\u00a0<\/em>and the hand-bound book,\u00a0A Pine Mountain Study in Civics,<\/em> by Everett K. Wilson<\/a>.<\/p>\n

An article in the student publication, The Pine Cone <\/em>(December 1940)<\/a>, also produced in the print shop,\u00a0describes the shop from a student’s viewpoint:<\/p>\n

STUDENTS TRY PRINTING<\/em><\/p>\n

Under the supervision of Mr. August Angel thirty students, twenty of them beginners at this trade, receive instructions in printing. The time is so planned that the students with a definite vocational interest in printing will receive the most training. A typical class period finds Oral Howard at the linotype setting up last minute PINE CONE copy while Bob Blanton is making up the pages. Willard Enix is running the big press and Ray Miller is working on the calendar.<\/em><\/p>\n

The beginning students are setting type by hand from a California job case, the case most commonly used throughout the country. After the students have mastered the California job case and the composition projects that are required, they are then ready to make up forms and to do press work.<\/em><\/p>\n

School jobs are steadily pouring into the print shop and this makes quite a lot of work for the boys that make up the forms and run the presses, but it is good experience. The larger jobs come in the fall of the year when the calendar and school notes are printed. This year 8,000 calendars were printed. The chapel program is printed each week.<\/em><\/p>\n

“A Study in Civics” by E. K. Wilson, set up and printed by Pine Mountain students, was the first book to be printed in Harlan County. The second book to come from the Pine Mountain press was “At Home in the Hills” by John A. Spelman III.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\t\t