{"id":41825,"date":"2017-04-15T22:53:27","date_gmt":"2017-04-16T02:53:27","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/staging.pinemountainsettlement.net\/?page_id=41825"},"modified":"2018-09-07T18:36:22","modified_gmt":"2018-09-07T22:36:22","slug":"wells-record-19-pmss-road-1913-1928","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"http:\/\/staging.pinemountainsettlement.net\/?page_id=41825","title":{"rendered":"WELLS RECORD 19 PMSS Road 1913-1928"},"content":{"rendered":"<h5>Pine Mountain Settlement School<br \/>\nSeries 09: Biography &#8211; Staff\/Personnel<br \/>\nSeries 03: Histories<br \/>\nSeries 12: Land Use<br \/>\nSeries 16: Events<\/h5>\n<div class=\"entry-content\">\n<h2>\u00a0WELLS RECORD 19 PMSS Road 1913-1928<\/h2>\n<p>WELLS RECORD 19 PMSS Road 1913-1928 is a brief history written by Evelyn K. Wells, documenting the building and financing of The Road across Pine Mountain from Laden to Pine Mountain Settlement School.<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><strong>TAGS:\u00a0<\/strong>Evelyn K. Wells : Pine Mountain Settlement School ; Harlan County, Kentucky ; Road ; roads ; trails ; paths ; Laden Trail\u00a0; Harlan County Fiscal Court ; Hurricane Gap ; Poor Fork, KY ; Rosspoint, KY ; Incline, Ky ; events ; roads\u00a0; economics\u00a0; loans ; Celia Cathcart ; Katherine Pettit ; Ethel de Long Zande ; Uncle William Creech ; Zande House ; mining camps ; economic change ; accepting children from mining camps ; railroads ; convict labor ; politics ; race relations ; standards of living ; WWI ; wars ; Intermountain Railway ; logging ; freight rates ; freight hauling ; privacy ;<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p>When Pine Mountain was started, there was a rough wagon road over the mountain from <strong>Rosspoint<\/strong> to <strong>Incline<\/strong>, fourteen miles each way from the School, and in the other direction, a road over <strong>Hurricane Gap<\/strong> to <strong>Poor Fork<\/strong>, about sixteen miles each way. Between those two points, there were only rough mule tracks or foot paths\u00a0and early visitors to the school came over a trail that might be made impassable by the falling of a tree or the sliding of a boulder to say nothing of a washout. The need of a road therefore was obvious to the directors of the school, and they began to work for it at once.<\/p>\n<p>At a meeting of the <strong>Local Advisory Board<\/strong> in 1913, it was decided to ask the<strong> Harlan County fiscal court<\/strong> to appropriate money for a good road over Pine Mountain. Early estimates place the cost of the road at $10,000, and in June 1914 at a fiscal court meeting, half that sum was appropriated, and the school started out to raise the other half by sending postcards asking for a dollar each to 5,000 people.<\/p>\n<p>Miss <strong><a href=\"http:\/\/staging.pinemountainsettlement.net\/?page_id=1696\">Ethel de Long<\/a><\/strong> made several trips to Harlan in the fall of 1915 on road business, usually riding horseback both ways. The more they looked into the matter, the more expensive it proved to be. By the spring of 1917 engineers said the road would cost $50,000, and the plan was made for the school to raise half, and the state to give dollar for dollar. The School, however, had to raise the second half to loan the state, which promised to pay it back in annual installments of $1,200. These payments were to be put into our Endowment Fund. <a href=\"http:\/\/staging.pinemountainsettlement.net\/?page_id=2181\"><strong>Miss Celia Cathcart<\/strong><\/a>, who had taught at the school in 1915-1916, went to work to raise the first half, in Ohio, Illinois, Indiana and Kentucky. Miss de Long, writing letters from the School, raised the second half, which was to be the loan to the state.<\/p>\n<p>All this money raising went on at a time when the School itself was barely struggling into existence and was committed to a heavy building program. Business conditions were unstable because of the war, and money was, therefore, harder to get.<\/p>\n<p>One of the interesting events of the road campaign was <strong><a href=\"http:\/\/staging.pinemountainsettlement.net\/?page_id=2005\">Uncle Williams<\/a>&#8216;<\/strong>\u00a0visit to Louisville in 1917, where he was the guest of the<del> Woman&#8217;s Club<\/del> Board of Trade and spoke on the need of the road. He was an impressive figure and made many friends for Pine Mountain.<\/p>\n<p>In January 1918, surveying for the road began, though a preliminary survey had been made in 1915-1916. In May 1919, actual work on the road began, and by that time prices had soared so that we had to face the fact that the road was going to cost all of $100,000, the $50,000 we had raised would be only our half, and that none of it would come back to us for Endowment as we had expected. In 1922 the funds gave out, and the road had been graded only to the top of Pine Mountain. All the grading of this side\u00a0and the final surfacing remained, and there was no more money.<\/p>\n<p>Mrs. <a href=\"http:\/\/staging.pinemountainsettlement.net\/?page_id=1696\"><strong>Ethel de Long Zande<\/strong><\/a>, therefore, went to Frankfort and after a month or so of lobbying, succeeded in having a bill passed which made the road a link in the chain of State Primary Highways between county seats, thus ensuring that, eventually, Kentucky would have to finish our road. At this point the School felt it could do no more; certainly it could not ask for any more contributions.<\/p>\n<p>The hauling road down this side of the mountain was built by neighbors and county labor a couple of years later upon the further appropriation by the County of another $5,000. This hauling road which connects with the State road on top of the mountain does not follow the line of the permanent surveyed road.<\/p>\n<p>This brief outline cannot attempt to go into the details of the matter &#8212; the tremendous efforts made, the complications of politics, engineers and surveyors, the crises when it seemed that work must stop, the journeys made at any minute and under any conditions. <a href=\"http:\/\/staging.pinemountainsettlement.net\/?page_id=41161\"><strong>The Road correspondence<\/strong><\/a> is on file in the office, and Mrs. Holton (Miss <a href=\"http:\/\/staging.pinemountainsettlement.net\/?page_id=2181\"><strong>Celia Cathcart<\/strong><\/a>) has full files also.<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><strong>SEE ALSO:\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\"><strong><a href=\"http:\/\/staging.pinemountainsettlement.net\/?page_id=1668\">EVELYN K. WELLS<\/a>\u00a0Biography<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\"><strong><a href=\"http:\/\/staging.pinemountainsettlement.net\/?page_id=41161\">Laden Trail or The Road Correspondence Part I<\/a><\/strong><br \/>\n<strong><a href=\"http:\/\/staging.pinemountainsettlement.net\/?page_id=42526\">Laden Trail or The Road Correspondence Part II<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/staging.pinemountainsettlement.net\/?page_id=32870\"><strong>GUIDE TO PMSS HISTORIES<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\"><strong><a href=\"http:\/\/staging.pinemountainsettlement.net\/?page_id=40886\">GUIDE TO RELIGION, VESPERS &amp; CHAPEL AT PMSS<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/staging.pinemountainsettlement.net\/?page_id=485\"><strong>CHAPEL<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\"><strong><a href=\"http:\/\/staging.pinemountainsettlement.net\/?page_id=1696\">ETHEL DE LONG ZANDE<\/a>\u00a0Biography<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\"><strong><a href=\"http:\/\/staging.pinemountainsettlement.net\/?page_id=9167\">A MOUNTAIN FUNERALIZING<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\"><strong><a href=\"http:\/\/staging.pinemountainsettlement.net\/?page_id=23103\">\u201cA FUNERALIZING ON\u00a0ROBBERS CREEK\u201d<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\"><strong>EVELYN K. WELLS GUIDE TO ADMINISTRATIVE CORRESPONDENCE<\/strong><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"padding-left: 30px;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/staging.pinemountainsettlement.net\/?page_id=40203\"><strong>EVELYN K. WELLS, GUIDE to EXCERPTS FROM LETTERS HOME 1915-1923<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/staging.pinemountainsettlement.net\/?page_id=40215\"><strong>EVELYN K. WELLS 1915 EXCERPTS FROM LETTERS HOME\u00a0<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/staging.pinemountainsettlement.net\/?page_id=4714\"><strong>EVELYN K. WELLS 1915 EXCERPTS FROM LETTERS HOME\u00a0\u2013 Horseback to Hindman<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/staging.pinemountainsettlement.net\/?page_id=40217\"><strong>EVELYN K. WELLS 1916\u00a0EXCERPTS FROM LETTERS HOME<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/staging.pinemountainsettlement.net\/?page_id=40299\"><strong>EVELYN K. WELLS 1917\u00a0EXCERPTS FROM LETTERS HOME<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\"><strong><a href=\"http:\/\/staging.pinemountainsettlement.net\/?page_id=40212\">EVELYN K. WELLS 1918 EXCERPTS FROM LETTERS HOME<\/a>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/staging.pinemountainsettlement.net\/?page_id=40347\"><strong>EVELYN K. WELLS 1919\u00a0EXCERPTS FROM LETTERS HOME<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\"><strong><a href=\"http:\/\/staging.pinemountainsettlement.net\/?page_id=25186\">RECORD OF PINE MOUNTAIN SETTLEMENT SCHOOL 1913-1928<\/a> <\/strong>[INDEX] (Early in-depth history of Pine Mountain Settlement School)<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\">The following is a list of 22 sections of Pine Mountain Settlement School History gathered by Evelyn K. Wells from 1913 to 1928:<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 60px;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/staging.pinemountainsettlement.net\/?page_id=25186\"><strong>Foreword<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 60px;\"><strong>2. \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/staging.pinemountainsettlement.net\/?page_id=25186\">Introductory<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 60px;\"><strong>3.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <a href=\"http:\/\/staging.pinemountainsettlement.net\/?page_id=25186\">Year by Year\u00a0<\/a><\/strong>[Construction, Workers, Gifts, Children, Events, etc.]<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 60px;\"><strong>4.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/staging.pinemountainsettlement.net\/?page_id=41300\"> Physical Growth<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 60px;\"><strong>5.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <a href=\"http:\/\/staging.pinemountainsettlement.net\/?page_id=40575\">Support and Budget<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 60px;\"><strong>6.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <a href=\"http:\/\/staging.pinemountainsettlement.net\/?page_id=41304\">Some Interesting Gifts<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 60px;\"><strong>7.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <a href=\"http:\/\/staging.pinemountainsettlement.net\/?page_id=41438\">Industrial and Vocational<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 60px;\"><strong>8.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <a href=\"http:\/\/staging.pinemountainsettlement.net\/?page_id=41441\">Farm \u2013 Dairy \u2013 Poultry<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 60px;\"><strong>9.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <a href=\"http:\/\/staging.pinemountainsettlement.net\/?page_id=41457\">The Country Cottage<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 60px;\"><strong>10.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <a href=\"http:\/\/staging.pinemountainsettlement.net\/?page_id=41464\">Academic<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 60px;\"><strong>11.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <a href=\"http:\/\/staging.pinemountainsettlement.net\/?page_id=41713\">Health<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 60px;\"><strong>12.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <a href=\"http:\/\/staging.pinemountainsettlement.net\/?page_id=41468\">Extension Work<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 60px;\"><strong>13.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <a href=\"http:\/\/staging.pinemountainsettlement.net\/?page_id=41471\">The Fireside Industries<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 60px;\"><strong>14.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/staging.pinemountainsettlement.net\/?page_id=41267\"> Folk Songs and Dance<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 60px;\"><strong>15.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/staging.pinemountainsettlement.net\/?page_id=41273\"> Athletics<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 60px;\"><strong>16.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <a href=\"http:\/\/staging.pinemountainsettlement.net\/?page_id=41276\">Dramatics<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 60px;\"><strong>17.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/staging.pinemountainsettlement.net\/?page_id=41765\"> Some Contributions to the Outside World<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 60px;\"><strong>18.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <a href=\"http:\/\/staging.pinemountainsettlement.net\/?page_id=41258\">Religious Life<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 60px;\"><strong>19.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/staging.pinemountainsettlement.net\/?page_id=41825\"> The Road<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 60px;\"><strong>20.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <a href=\"http:\/\/staging.pinemountainsettlement.net\/?page_id=41819\">Various Happenings<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 60px;\"><strong>21.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <a href=\"http:\/\/staging.pinemountainsettlement.net\/?page_id=41466\">Policies \u2013 General<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 60px;\"><strong>22.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <a href=\"http:\/\/staging.pinemountainsettlement.net\/?page_id=6478\">List of Workers<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\"><strong>EVELYN K. WELLS\u00a0PUBLICATIONS<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\">Wells, Evelyn K.<em> The Ballad Tree:<\/em>\u00a0<em>A Study of British and American Ballads, Their Folklore, Verse and Music, Together with Sixty Traditional Ballads and Their Tunes<\/em>. New York: Ronald Press, 1950. Print.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\"><strong><a href=\"http:\/\/staging.pinemountainsettlement.net\/?page_id=40076\">EVELYN K. WELLS \u201cA Little True Blue American<\/a><\/strong>,\u201d <em>Over Sea and Land: Our Southern Mountains,\u00a0<\/em>November 1920, p. 140.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\"><strong>EVELYN K. WELLS TALKS<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/staging.pinemountainsettlement.net\/?page_id=40210\"><strong>EVELYN K. WELLS PMSS Harvard University talk,<\/strong><\/a> on Folk Music. July 21, 1955<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Pine Mountain Settlement School Series 09: Biography &#8211; Staff\/Personnel Series 03: Histories Series 12: Land Use Series 16: Events \u00a0WELLS RECORD 19 PMSS Road 1913-1928 WELLS RECORD 19 PMSS Road 1913-1928 is a brief history written by Evelyn K. Wells, documenting the building and financing of The Road across Pine Mountain from Laden to Pine [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":25186,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"page-templates\/full-width.php","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-41825","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v17.1.2 (Yoast SEO v27.4) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>WELLS RECORD 19 PMSS Road 1913-1928 - PINE MOUNTAIN SETTLEMENT SCHOOL COLLECTIONS<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"WELLS RECORD 19 PMSS Road 1913-1928 - A brief history of the efforts to pay for &amp; build a road across Pine Mountain from Laden to the School.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"http:\/\/staging.pinemountainsettlement.net\/?page_id=41825\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"WELLS RECORD 19 PMSS Road 1913-1928\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Pine Mountain Settlement School Series 09: Biography - 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